loose calcium superphosphate (chemistry)

A kind of acid method phosphate fertilizer, high concentration of phosphate fertilizer made from phosphoric acid decomposition of phosphorus ore powder, containing P2O542% to 46%, for ordinary calcium superphosphate 2 to 3 times, but does not contain calcium sulfate. The main components are calcium dihydrogen phosphate (i.e. monocalcium phosphate) hydrate Ca(H2PO4)2-H2O and a small amount of free phosphoric acid. Appearance is gray or off-white powder, hygroscopic, easy to agglomerate after moisture. It can also be made into granules. It can be applied as base fertilizer, trailing fertilizer and seed fertilizer, or used as an ingredient in the manufacture of compound fertilizers containing N, Mn, P, Mo and other elements.

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In the early 1870s, calcium superphosphate in Germany, the second industrialized production, the product is used as a purifying agent for the sugar industry. But until the 1950s phosphoric acid began to develop rapidly, heavy calcium superphosphate has been developed. Since 1965, the world's annual output (P2O5) for 5.5 ~ 6.5Mt, accounting for 15% to 20% of the total output of phosphate fertilizer.

Manufacture of heavy calcium superphosphate raw materials are phosphate rock and phosphoric acid. Iron, aluminum and magnesium impurities contained in the raw materials have a great impact on the production process and product quality, the content is too high, will make the product and the production process of intermediate materials bonding, so that the flow of materials and loading and unloading, transportation difficulties; phosphoric acid in the iron, aluminum, magnesium ions in the concentration is too high, the phosphate in the hydrogen ions in the activity of the reduction, and thus the ability to decompose phosphate rock is also reduced.

The main reaction formula for the production of heavy calcium superphosphate is:

Ca10F2(PO4)6+14H3PO4+10H2O─→10Ca(H2PO4)2-H2O+2HF

Phosphate ore and phosphoric acid dosage ratio, according to the need to control the product of phosphorus pentoxide and calcium oxide molar ratio to achieve, usually 0.95 ~ 1.0 (mass ratio of 2.41 ~ 2.54). The economically optimal ratio needs to be determined on an experimental basis.

The production process for powdered heavy superphosphate is similar to that for calcium superphosphate. The fineness of phosphate powder is finer than that of calcium superphosphate production, generally requiring 80% to 90% to pass 200 mesh. Concentration (containing P2O5) of 48% ~ 52%, the temperature of 60 ~ 70 ° C phosphoric acid and phosphate rock powder reaction 0.5 ~ 3min, slurry in the formation of the room to stay 5 ~ 20min, curing materials after chopping sent to the maturation of the warehouse, maturation 3 ~ 4 weeks after the factory.

A direct manufacturing method of granular calcium superphosphate production, from the early 1960s has been widely used. Concentration of 38% ~ 40% of phosphoric acid in 2 ~ 3 in series, with steam-heated stirred reactor reaction 30 ~ 120min, temperature 90 ~ 100 ° C. Reaction slurry sent to the granulator, and after the system back to the fine particles of material in the granulator granulation, and then after drying and sieving, the production of granular products, the particle size of about 2 ~ 4mm.

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